The Neuroprotective Power of Cannabichromene (CBC)
In 2013, a groundbreaking research co-authored by Noriko Shinjyo, Ph.D., an Analysis Affiliate at Chiba College in Japan, and Italian scientist Vincenzo Di Marzo shed light on the remarkable effects of cannabichromene (CBC), a phytocannabinoid with profound influence on the nervous system.
Understanding Neural Stem Cells
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Scientists have identified specific regions within the brain, namely the hippocampus and the lateral ventricles, where neural stem cells are generated. These cells undergo a crucial developmental stage known as differentiation, essential for young cells in the spinal cord, brainstem, and brain areas responsible for muscle control. During differentiation, young stem cells evolve into new neurons but can also form cells that comprise the protective sheath surrounding nerves.
Some neural stem cells differentiate into astroglial cells, commonly called astrocytes. These star-shaped cells populate both the gray and white matter of the brain, where they regulate cerebral blood circulation and the transmission of electrical impulses. They also play a vital role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier and repairing the brain and spinal cord following infection or traumatic injury.
However, a subpopulation of these mature cells remains dormant. This is fortunate because active astrocytes can hinder the brain’s natural regenerative capacity after an injury. Therefore, a regulated maturation of neural stem cells in the brain and spinal cord contributes to protecting and regenerating the nervous system. CBC, a cannabis compound, augments this process by regulating the production of new neurons while simultaneously reducing the formation of active mature cells that could impede regeneration after brain damage.
CBC’s Role in Regeneration
In 2023, a team of six Italian scientists published groundbreaking details on how CBC protects and regenerates damaged neurons and nervous system components. They utilized a specific type of spinal cord cell derived from an embryonic mouse, combined with neuroblastoma cells, to make their discovery. The team assessed changes in the genetic landscape of the cells after exposing them to CBC and a control media.
Through further refinement of their analysis, the team elucidated newly discovered mechanisms behind cannabichromene. This plant cannabinoid aids in facilitating proper dopamine neuron and glutamate receptor maturation. While numerous cannabinoids regulate the formation of the nerve’s protective sheath, neuronal regeneration relies on distinct functions of CBC.
A Delicate Balance with Choline
One newly discovered mechanism of CBC appears to work synergistically with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) while simultaneously counteracting the effects of alpha-pinene, a terpene found in various cannabis chemovars and other botanicals.
This intricate interplay between CBC, THC, and alpha-pinene highlights the complex and nuanced ways in which cannabinoids interact with our nervous system. Further research is needed to fully understand these mechanisms and their potential therapeutic applications.
The Balancing Act of Cannabinoids: CBC’s Potential for Neural Regeneration
Understanding the Role of Choline in Brain Health
Choline plays a crucial role in maintaining optimal brain function. It is essential for cognitive processes, memory enhancement, the development of neural stem cells, muscle movement, and various other vital bodily functions. Studies have shown that adequate choline intake is linked to improved cognitive performance and reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
The Impact of THC and CBC on Choline Levels
While choline is essential for brain health, certain cannabinoids can influence its levels in the body. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, has been shown to downregulate the choline transmitter system. This means it can reduce the production and activity of choline-related neurotransmitters.
On the other hand, cannabichromene (CBC) appears to have a more complex relationship with choline. Research suggests that CBC upregulates the expression of a gene responsible for producing an enzyme that breaks down choline. This could potentially lead to a decrease in choline levels as well.
However, it’s important to note that both THC and CBC may ultimately contribute to protecting the nervous system and promoting neuronal regeneration. This seemingly contradictory effect highlights the intricate interplay between cannabinoids and brain function.
Alpha-Pinene: A Cognitive Protector
Adding another layer to this complex equation is alpha-pinene, a terpene commonly found in cannabis strains. Alpha-pinene has been shown to have neuroprotective effects and may help maintain cognitive function by preserving choline levels. This suggests that the combined effects of CBC, THC, and alpha-pinene create a delicate balance within the brain.
The Future of CBC for Neural Regeneration
While research on CBC’s potential for neural regeneration is still in its early stages, preliminary findings are promising. Scientists suggest that CBC may hold significant therapeutic value for conditions affecting the nervous system. Further studies are needed to fully understand how CBC interacts with choline and other neurochemicals, as well as to optimize its use for regenerative purposes.
For more information on the latest research in cannabis science, visit our Cannabis Research page.
Footnotes
- Shinjyo, N., & Di Marzo, V. (2013). The impact of cannabichromene on adult neural stem/progenitor cells. Neurochemistry International, 63(5), 432–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2013.08.002
- Valeri A, Chiricosta L, D’Angiolini S, Pollastro F, Salamone S, Mazzon E. Cannabichromene Induces Neuronal Differentiation in NSC-34 Cells: Insights from Transcriptomic Evaluation. Life (Basel). 2023;13(5):897. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13050897
- Russo, E. B., & Marcu, J. (2017). Cannabis Pharmacology: The Normal Suspects and a Few Promising Leads. Advances in Pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.), 80, 67–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.004
